ارزیابی قوه مقننه دومجلسی در نظام سیاسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

Reforming the structure of the legislative branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran toward a bicameral system has always been a focus of attention for legal scholars and political scientists. This research aims to assess the feasibility of realizing this model in the Iranian political system, and in a descriptive-analytical format, seeks to answer the question: what are the advantages and obstacles of establishing a bicameral system in the Islamic Republic of Iran? The studies of this research have proven that returning to a bicameral system in Iran will bring results such as "correcting the weaknesses and misconduct of the first parliament", "reducing haste in legislation", "improving the quality of laws", "reducing the conflict of interests of parliamentarians in legislation" and finally "greater compatibility with the demographic composition of Iran" and will be instrumental in eliminating some of the shortcomings in the country's legislative system. Of course, factors such as "contradiction with the existing constitution and the need to revise it", "the economic costs of establishing a bicameral system", "the existence of quasi-legislative bodies parallel to the Islamic Consultative Assembly" and "weakness in the activities of parties" are among the inevitable obstacles in the process of reforming the legislative system and moving towards a bicameral legislature, and the realization of a bicameral system requires finding solutions to these obstacles and constraints. Finally, in order to improve the structure of the country's legislative system, proposals such as establishing a second parliament with specific composition and competencies along with the separation of the Guardian Council from the legislative branch, merging some bodies and councils in the second parliament, eliminating the Supreme Council of Provinces, and clarifying the precise limits of the competencies of the Supreme National Security Council were put forward.