Evaluation of the Bicameral Legislature in the Political System of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Reforming the structure of the legislative branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran to a bicameral system can be considered one of the solutions to improve the quality of legislation in Iran. This research aims to assess the feasibility of realizing this model in the Iranian legal system, and in a descriptive-analytical format, seeks to answer the question of how the advantages and obstacles of redesigning the bicameral system in Iran are evaluated. The studies of this research have proven that returning to a bicameral system in Iran will bring results such as "correcting the weaknesses and misconduct of the first parliament", "reducing haste in legislation", "improving the quality of laws", "reducing the conflict of interests of parliamentarians in legislation" and finally "greater compatibility with the demographic composition of Iran" and will be instrumental in eliminating some of the shortcomings in the country's legislative system. Of course, factors such as "contradiction with the existing constitution and the need to revise it", "the existence of quasi-legislative bodies within the Islamic Consultative Assembly" and "weakness in the activities of parties" are among the inevitable obstacles in the process of reforming the legislative system and moving towards a bicameral legislature, and the realization of a bicameral system requires finding solutions to these obstacles and prohibitions. Finally, in order to improve the structure of the country's legislative system, proposals such as establishing a second parliament with specific composition and competencies along with the abstraction of the Guardian Council from the legislative body, merging some bodies and councils in the second parliament, eliminating the Supreme Council of Provinces, and clarifying the precise limits of the competencies of the Supreme National Security Council were put forward.