The Civil Liability Challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Iran's Legal System and a Comparative Look at Regulations in the European Union

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Milad Haji Esmaeili
PhD Candidate, Department of Law, Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI), with an astonishing progress, is exploiting abilities that were previously available only to humans. Regardless of technical complications, this enigma requires comprehensive analysis of humanities elites to respond to emerging challenges. One of these challenges in the field of law is the AI liability. If damage is caused by AI, then who should be held liable? While noting that Iran's legal system currently does not have specific regulations on AI, following similar issues, it is argued that the user who uses AI is liable in fault based liability and the liability of the producer is in ambiguity. With a comparative look at the European Union, it is also found that the liability of the user is fault based liability, with a slight difference, while the liability of the producer is absolute liability. However, no legal system has given a separate character to AI and does not consider it as more than one object. The following article is based on the premise that considering the unique characteristics of AI, both of the reviewed regulations are ineffective and it is appropriate to define an independent personality for AI in order to prevent the infringement of the injured rights.
Keywords
Independent personality of AI
Liability of the operator and producer of AI
Comparative regulation of the Iran and European Union
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