چالش‌های حقوقی نحوه اداره کشور در زمان بروز شرایط جانشینی موقت رئیس جمهور

In the political and executive structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the President occupies a pivotal and distinctive role. Accordingly, the Constitution—in Articles131 and132—has delineated provisions for the governance of the country in cases of the President’s death, dismissal, resignation, or incapacity to perform official duties.However, the brevity and ambiguity of these articles have led to practical complications.Considering that the Islamic Republic has witnessed four instances of interim presidential succession, it is imperative to clarify the content and scope of these constitutional provisions.The central issue of this research is the legal ambiguities inherent in Articles131 and132 of the Constitution, alongside an analysis of the executive challenges associated with their implementation.Utilizing a descriptive-analytical methodology and relying on library-based sources, the study undertakes a comparative examination of the constitutional text, the minutes of parliamentary debates, interpretive opinions issued by the Guardian Council, and historical precedents.The findings reveal that various elements within these articles—such as the extent of authority granted to the interim successor, mechanisms for overseeing the executive during the interim period, the legal status and functions of the three-member council stipulated in Article131, the procedures governing presidential elections during the interim term, the temporal scope of the fifty-day window for electing a new president, and the status of the former president’s advisors and deputies—remain insufficiently defined and necessitate further clarification.Addressing these ambiguities may be pursued through several avenues, including the issuance of interpretive opinions by the Guardian Council, amendments to the Presidential Election Law, or the enactment of an implementation act specifically for Articles 131and132.This study concludes by offering a set of recommendations aimed at formulating a coherent legal framework to reduce existing uncertainties and enhance constitutional governance.