بررسی فقهی حقوقی «معاملات تعهدی» در صرافی‌های ارز دیجیتال در ایران

Within the rapid development of the cryptocurrency market, various derivative services and contracts have emerged to meet diverse demands and competitive pressures. While some services draw from traditional markets, such as stock exchanges, others are entirely innovative. Iranian digital currency exchanges have introduced these services to fulfill user needs and compete globally. However, adhering to Sharia and legal standards presents significant challenges, complicating the provision of certain services within Iran. To navigate these challenges, Iranian exchanges have implemented measures to ensure cryptocurrency services are acceptable within jurisprudential and legal frameworks. A notable example is the "accrual transaction," a form of leveraged trading currently offered by two major Iranian exchanges. This study employs library research to describe accrual transactions and evaluate them from jurisprudential and legal perspectives, considering principles of Islamic finance and Iranian regulatory standards. The primary research question addresses key jurisprudential concerns whether higher repayment rates and renewal fees may constitute usury, and how unilateral risk of loss may impact users. The research explores the foundational nature of such transactions within Islamic jurisprudence, aiming to clarify their permissibility. Findings suggest that if exchanges strictly adhere to their published guidelines, these services align with both Sharia and legal requirements, allowing for safe utilization by users in Iran. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study analyzes secondary data sources, including scholarly articles, jurisprudential texts, and relevant Iranian regulatory guidelines. By systematically examining the terms and operational models of these transactions, the research elucidates how Iranian exchanges can mitigate potential Sharia conflicts, particularly concerning Riba (usury) and risk allocation. This investigation addresses immediate compliance concerns and provides a framework for future innovations in Islamic finance within the cryptocurrency market. By focusing on the compatibility of Islamic finance principles with modern cryptocurrency transactions, this study contributes to the literature on Sharia-compliant finance. It highlights the challenges of integrating religious and legal considerations within an innovative financial market, offering practical insights for operators and regulators in the field.