کنترل یا نوآوری؛ الزامات حقوقی سیاست‌های تنظیمی در زمینه هوش مصنوعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشگاه امام‌صادق علیه‌السلام، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در پاسخ به توسعه سریع هوش مصنوعی، نظام‌های حقوقی گوناگون مداخلات نظارتی و تنظیمی مختلفی را برای این فناوری ایجاد کرده‌اند. درحالی‌که برخی کشورها حمایت از مصرف‌کننده را از طریق وضع مقررات سخت‌گیرانه در اولویت قرار می‌دهند، برخی دیگر با اتخاذ رویکردی سهل‌گیرانه‌تر، نوآوری را ترویج می‌کنند. بااین‌حال، مقایسه الگوهای مختلف تنظیم‌گری هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند به یافتن تعادل مناسب میان نوآوری و حمایت از مصرف‌کننده در برابر مخاطرات هوش مصنوعی کمک کند. این مقاله با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و مطالعه تطبیقی در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که سیاست تنظیمی ایران در زمینه هوش مصنوعی چیست؟ بررسی الگوهای تنظیم‌گری هوش مصنوعی در اتحادیه اروپا، ایالات ‌متحده و چین نشان می‌دهد که هر نظام حقوقی برای یافتن الگو باید متناسب با اهداف، سیاست‌ها، اقتضائات و ویژگی‌های نظام حقوقی و فناوری خود این موضوع را سامان دهد. نظام حقوقی ایران در پاسخ به این فناوری و عموم فناوری‌های نوظهور مانند هوش مصنوعی، از خلأهای جدی ساختاری و هنجاری رنج می‌برد. مقام معظم رهبری در سال 1400، توسعه فناوری هوش مصنوعی و سامانه‌های مبتنی بر آن را به‌عنوان یکی از سیاست‌های کلان کشور اعلام فرمود. سیاست توسعه هوش مصنوعی بدون توجه به این خلأهای ساختاری و هنجاری، افزون‌بر در معرض خطر قرار دادن حقوق شهروندان به‌صورت بالقوه، توسعه کسب‌وکارهای حوزه هوش مصنوعی را نیز با چالش جدی مواجه می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Control or Innovation; Legal Requirements of Regulatory Policies in Artificial Intelligence

نویسنده English

Seyed Hossein Hashemi
PhD Candidate, Public Law, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

In response to the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), various legal systems have created different regulatory and supervisory interventions for this technology. While some countries prioritize consumer protection by imposing stringent regulations, others adopt a more permissive approach to promote innovation. However, comparing different models of AI regulation can help find the right balance between innovation and protecting consumers against the risks of AI. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative study, seeks to answer the question of what Iran's regulatory policy on artificial intelligence is. An examination of AI regulatory models in the European Union, the United States, and China indicates that each legal system must organize this matter according to its own objectives, policies, requirements, and characteristics of the legal system and technology. Iran's legal system suffers from serious structural and normative gaps in responding to this technology and other emerging technologies like AI. In 2021, the Supreme Leader of Iran declared the development of AI technology and its related systems as one of the country's macro-policies. However, the policy of developing artificial intelligence without addressing these structural and normative gaps not only potentially endangers the rights of citizens but also seriously challenges the development of AI-based businesses.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Artificial intelligence (AI)
Legislation
Regulation
Regulatory Policy
Risk and Control
opportunity and Innovation
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